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Education in Hamburg covers the whole spectrum from kindergarten, primary education, secondary education, and higher education in Hamburg. The German states are primarily responsible for the educational system in Germany, and therefore the ''Behörde für Schule und Berufsbildung'' (State Ministry of Schools and Vocational training) is the administrative agency in Hamburg. The ''Behörde für Wissenschaft und Forschung'' (State Ministry of Science and Research) has the oversight for universities and colleges. The UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, one of the six educational institutes of UNESCO, is located in Hamburg.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning Welcome )〕 ==History== Per student no other State of Germany spends more money on education than Hamburg. Yet at the Programme for International Student Assessment the students did very poorly and were outperformed by 14 other States of Germany. Only the State of Bremen did worse than Hamburg.〔"Schulreform: Hamburg fährt ab 2009 zweigleisig". Focus. April 18th 2007〕 One in two Hamburg children comes from an immigrant family,〔 and in 2007, 20,4 percent of all Hamburg children were on welfare. So Hamburg faces more challenges than many other States of Germany. In 2008 several types of secondary schools existed in Hamburg. The most common types were Hauptschulen, Realschulen, Gymnasien (prep schools) and Gesamtschulen (comprehensive schools). Kids graduated from primary schools after 4th grade and were allowed to apply for any of those schools. The choice which school to apply for was made by the parents. In October 2009, the Hamburg Parliament voted for an act to change this system with the start of the educational year 2010/11. The ''Grundschule''—primary school of 4 years education from the age of 6 to 10—would be changed into a ''Primärschule'' (lit. primary school), lasting 6 years. This would be followed by a so-called location or quarter school ((ドイツ語:Stadtteilschule)) with certificates, like the Abitur after 13 years of education. The Gymnasium will offer the Abitur after 12 years. Pupils could enter the ''Stadteilschule'' or the ''Gymnasium''. Parents would no longer be allowed to choose if their child should apply for a Gymnasium. Only those children whose primary school teachers state that the child would make a successful transition into a Gymnasium would be allowed to apply. The act also states that no more than 25 pupils are allowed in classes of the primary school, 20 in so-called difficult quarters, and not more than 28 in a ''Gymnasium'' class. This decision was criticized by factions of the SPD and The Left. Many people were not pleased by this educational reform. Some were dismayed that the reform did not do away with Gymnasien they saw as a breeding ground of privilege. It has been noted that most of the children attending a Gymnasium came from upper-middle-class families and that Gymnasien often failed to enroll minority youngsters. A movement called ''Eine Schule für alle'' (''A school for everyone'') was formed.〔(Eine Schule für alle )〕 The movement attempted to collect enough signatures to force a referendum, but fell short of the required number to do so. Many parents of those attending a Realschule were dismayed that this type of school was abolished. Another group of parents was dismayed that the decision of whether their kids should apply for a Gymnasium was no longer left to the parents. They also were concerned about the fact that Gymnasien would no longer be allowed to enroll students after fourth grade, but had to wait until they graduated from sixth grade. These would mean Gymnasien would get two fewer years to impart Latin and Ancient Greek. It was also feared that if Gymnasien would not be able to enroll students as young as ten years, it would become difficult for them to instill school spirit and love for learning in the students. It was also claimed that the academically most promising kids were denied an adequate education if they were not allowed to enroll in a Gymnasium after four years of schooling. A movement called ''Wir wollen lernen!'' (''We want to learn!'') was formed. It collected 184.500 signatures in November, three times the number needed to force a referendum.〔(Wir wollen lernen )〕 An attempt by the city government of Hamburg to have all pupils attend the same school until 7th grade was, however, rejected 〔http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,5814250,00.html〕 by 276,304 votes to 218,065 German television showed that the voter participation was higher in the poor neighbourhoods was higher than in the poor ones. The opinion was put forward that the referendum to reject the school reforms was only successful because of this.〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjB8z0_-2dQ〕 In fact, although the proposal in Hamburg was to have all children in a single school system two years longer in order to treat everyone equally for a longer time, German TV found a number of wealthy parents willing to make statements to TV cameras〔http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IUiAu8Dozgc&feature=related〕 that they considered such equal treatment unfair: "you don't have to disadvantage the socially advantaged so that the disadvantaged benefit". In other words, putting everyone in the same school is considered unfair by many of the wealthy in Germany. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in Hamburg」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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